Title 42 expulsion was a public health order used during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–May 2023) that allowed U.S. authorities to rapidly expel migrants, including asylum seekers, at the U.S.-Mexico border without processing their claims, citing public health concerns under the Public Health Service Act. Implemented by the Trump administration and continued by the Biden administration, the policy prevented many from seeking asylum and resulted in millions of expulsions, primarily to Mexico or their home countries, before it ended in May 2023.
Key aspects of the program:
*Legal basis: It invoked Title 42 of the U.S. Code, a public health law, to suspend the introduction of people into the U.S. to prevent the spread of communicable diseases.
*Mechanism: It allowed U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to quickly expel migrants, often within minutes, without standard immigration processing or asylum screening.
*Impact on asylum: It effectively blocked access to the asylum system for many, preventing them from making claims for protection.
*Scope: It applied to migrants arriving from Canada or Mexico, regardless of their country of origin, though rare exceptions were made.
*Duration: The policy was in effect from March 2020 until it was terminated on May 11, 2023.
*Statistics: It led to nearly 3 million expulsions, with most being single adults from Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador.
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