Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 – 1882), like most educated people of his time, was exposed to so-called scientific racist theories. He struggled with and, ultimately, rejected them. He opposed slavery. He supported full emancipation, reparations, education, citizenship, and voting rights. That does not stop some activists from taking a few things he wrote out of context to call him racist. Part of the rationale is that he actually dared to like some aspects of his English culture and was an advocate for self reliance.