The obvious difference is that for every dollar that gets sent to Washington for any given entitlement, only about $.85 ever goes back out to said entitlement.
Medicaid
Administrative costs are 4% of total spending. For every dollar spent on a fee-for-service Medicaid plan, about 4 cents go to administrative costs. Costs are generally higher for managed care plans.
Medicare
Traditional Medicare has historically low overhead costs. Studies from the Kaiser Family Foundation show that the administrative costs for traditional Medicare are about 2% of operating expenditures. Even if other costs are included in the calculation, studies still find Medicare's overhead to be very low, ranging from 2% to 5%.
Medicare Advantage plans have higher overhead.
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For every dollar spent on private health insurance, between 15 and 20 cents generally goes to overhead. This can vary depending on the market, with higher overhead in individual plans and lower overhead in large group plans.
If an insurer's annual spending on medical care falls short of the required threshold (80% or 85%), it must issue a rebate to its customers.
This ratio is mandated by the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which establishes a minimum Medical Loss Ratio (MLR). This MLR rule is more commonly known as the "80/20 rule" and serves as a check on the amount insurers spend on administrative costs and profits.
Since the MLR rule was implemented in 2012, billions of dollars in rebates have been returned to consumers
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For every dollar spent on a single-payer healthcare system, estimates suggest that the amount going to overhead would be around 2 to 6 cents. This is a significant decrease compared to the higher administrative costs of the current multi-payer system in the U.S., where private insurers' overhead is around 12% to 17%.
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Social Security's administrative costs are extremely low, amounting to less than 1% of the program's total spending.
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For every dollar spent on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), approximately 94 cents goes toward food benefits, with about 6 cents covering overhead.
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