Russian drone and missile incursions into NATO territory have escalated sharply since 2024 through direct border crossings and "gray-zone" hybrid operations.
Key Incidents and Affected Countries
• Romania: Recorded a dramatic surge in airspace violations, with at least 35 unauthorized drone entries and 23 confirmed airspace breaches in 2026 alone (following 9 in 2025 and 7 in 2024), alongside multiple crashes and debris finds near the Black Sea and border towns like Galați.
• Poland: Faced major incursions, including an incident where 21 Russian drones crossed from Belarus, prompting Poland to invoke NATO Article 4.
• The Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania): Experienced multiple border violations and stray munitions, including a drone hitting a power station chimney in Estonia and an incursion forcing the temporary closure of Vilnius Airport in Lithuania.
• Germany: Suffered a high-profile incident at Leipzig/Halle Airport, where a quadcopter with plastic explosives struck a cargo plane.
• Alliance-Wide Scale: An International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) count reported 144 suspicious reconnaissance or airspace drone incidents over a dozen European NATO nations between August 2024 and mid-2026.